Understanding the Risks of Moderate Alcohol Consumption: The Influence of Genetics

Understanding the Risks of Moderate Alcohol Consumption: The Influence of Genetics

The health risks of moderate alcohol consumption are difficult to pinpoint due to the complexities of studying human behaviour over long periods. While randomised trials would provide clearer answers, they are impractical for alcohol research. Instead, methods like Mendelian randomization, which uses genetic differences influencing alcohol intake, offer valuable insights.

Research through Mendelian randomization has shown that alcohol consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke, as well as overall mortality rates. However, the evidence linking alcohol to cancer is less clear, with some studies showing no consistent effect on most cancer types.

At very low levels of alcohol consumption—around 8-10 grams per day (approximately 1 UK unit)—the health risks are minimal, though not entirely absent, and there is no evidence to support any beneficial effects. These studies, however, face limitations. Genetic variants linked to alcohol consumption could also be associated with other risk factors, like smoking, making it harder to isolate alcohol’s direct impact on health.

Despite its limitations, Mendelian randomization provides a useful tool for understanding alcohol’s effects, suggesting that even moderate drinking may pose health risks.  Evidence from a study supports the notion that alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol use are causally associated with a range of diseases, predominantly by increasing the risk. See more

As new evidence emerges, the current consensus leans towards caution when it comes to alcohol consumption. The findings affirm that alcohol intake should not be recommended to improve cardiovascular health; rather, reducing alcohol intake will likely reduce cardiovascular risk in all individuals, albeit to different extents based on one’s current level of consumption. Source

As we think about alcohol consumption, it’s important to know the risks involved. Even moderate drinking can affect our health, so being aware of this can help us make better choices. By sharing what we learn, we can create a supportive community that encourages healthier habits and happier lives for everyone.

Source: IAS

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