The global rise in cannabis use and its legalisation in various regions have raised important questions about its biological effects, especially concerning mental health. Recent research has started to uncover how cannabis use, particularly high in potency, can influence our biology at the genetic level.
Epigenetic Effects and Mental Health
Cannabis use is now linked to changes in DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that can affect how genes are expressed. This is crucial as changes in gene expression can have significant implications for mental health. The study found that current cannabis users, especially those using high-potency types, showed distinct changes in DNA methylation. These changes were noted in genes related to mitochondrial function, which are essential for energy production in the body, including the brain.
A study from Northwestern Medicine also noted that “recent and long-term marijuana use is linked to changes in the human epigenome,” with many of these changes found in pathways related to mental health disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (source: Northwestern Medicine).
The Influence of High-Potency Cannabis
High-potency cannabis, characterised by high levels of THC, has been associated with an increased risk of psychosis.
Research published in JAMA Psychiatry suggests that “use of high-potency cannabis was associated with a significant increase in the frequency of cannabis use, likelihood of cannabis problems, and likelihood of anxiety disorder” (source: JAMA Psychiatry).
Such cannabis use appears to alter the methylation of genes involved in critical brain functions and immune processes, potentially leading to behavioural abnormalities and increased susceptibility to mental health disorders.
Cannabis and the Brain
Cannabis affects brain function through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating mood, memory, and cognition. The study highlights the impact of cannabis on mitochondrial functions in the brain, potentially disrupting cellular energy balance and leading to cognitive impairments. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects of cannabis further complicate its impact on overall brain health.
The Importance of Further Research
As cannabis becomes more prevalent, understanding its long-term effects on mental and physical health is vital. Ongoing research is crucial to fully grasp how cannabis interacts with our genetic makeup and affects our biological systems. This knowledge could inform public policy and healthcare strategies to mitigate the risks associated with cannabis use.
Raising Awareness of Cannabis Risks
The findings of this study underscore the need for caution in the face of increasing cannabis use, particularly high-potency variants. By highlighting the potential genetic and biological impacts, we aim to raise awareness of the risks associated with cannabis use. Understanding these effects is essential in promoting a healthier society.
Source: Nature
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