Understanding Adolescent Alcohol Use: Attitudes and Behaviour

Understanding Adolescent Alcohol Use: Attitudes and Behaviour

For years, many prevention programmes aimed at reducing alcohol misuse have assumed that shaping young people’s attitudes towards alcohol would influence their drinking behaviour. However, research from the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP) Trial, involving over 12,000 adolescents in Northern Ireland and Scotland, challenges this well-worn belief. Instead, the findings reveal something striking—attitudes towards alcohol are more often shaped by past drinking behaviour than the other way around.

Heavy Episodic Drinking Shapes Attitudes

The study found that adolescents’ drinking habits, specifically heavy episodic drinking (HED), had a stronger impact on their future attitudes towards alcohol. When young people engaged in HED, their attitudes tended to evolve to become more positive towards alcohol. This may be because, once they start drinking heavily, they rationalise their behaviour to reduce the tension between their actions and existing beliefs.

Interestingly, attitudes towards alcohol were largely stable unless a major behavioural change, such as transitioning into HED, occurred. For those who didn’t engage in heavy drinking, their attitudes remained largely negative and unchanged, supporting the idea that behaviour is key to influencing future views on alcohol.

The Consistency of Drinking Behaviour

One of the most notable insights was the stability of drinking behaviours over time. Adolescents who didn’t engage in HED were likely to maintain their non-drinking status, while those who began drinking heavily often maintained this behaviour. This consistency highlights the deeply ingrained nature of drinking habits and suggests that prevention efforts focusing purely on attitudes may miss the mark.

Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors

The study also highlighted how a school’s environment influences adolescent drinking. Schools situated in areas of higher poverty saw higher HED rates and more positive attitudes towards alcohol, suggesting that external situations play a significant role in shaping young people’s drinking behaviours. Mixed-gender schools and those in Scotland also reported higher levels of drinking, indicating the influence of localised drinking cultures.

Implications for Alcohol Prevention

These findings are a wake-up call for prevention strategies targeting adolescents. Efforts to reduce alcohol misuse must acknowledge that merely promoting negative attitudes towards alcohol is unlikely to prevent heavy drinking. Instead, the focus must shift to addressing the root causes of drinking behaviour, ensuring adolescents avoid starting on this path altogether.

Given the documented consistency of drinking habits, it’s clear that preventing the onset of HED entirely should remain the ultimate goal. Once drinking patterns are established, they are difficult to reverse, often reinforcing pro-alcohol attitudes that further entrenched risky behaviours.

A Path Forward

The relationship between drinking and attitudes challenges many long-standing assumptions about prevention education. If society wants to truly protect its young people from the harms of alcohol, it must adopt approaches that keep adolescents from experimenting with heavy drinking altogether, rather than relying on shifting their attitudes after the fact.

By focusing on rooting out the behaviours influencing alcohol consumption, we can break the cycle that normalises drinking and ensure that young people grow up free from the influence of alcohol. While the debate over prevention strategies continues, one thing is clear—actions speak louder than attitudes.

Source: Online Library

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