The use of prescription stimulants has risen notably in recent years. While these medications serve as essential tools for managing conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), concerns about misuse and dependency have grown. Research has shed new light on the prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse, offering important insights into its effects and the need for vigilance.

Understanding Misuse and Dependency

Recent findings reveal that 25.3% of adults using prescription stimulants reported stimulant misuse. Misuse includes taking medications in ways or doses not prescribed, or using someone else’s prescription, which can lead to serious health risks. Healthcare professionals identified 9% of these individuals as having prescription stimulant use disorder (PSUD), a condition characterised by compulsive use despite harmful consequences. Mild PSUD accounted for 63.6% of these cases, but even at this level, significant impacts on health and well-being can occur.

Patterns of Misuse

Notably, individuals more commonly misuse and develop dependency on amphetamines than on other stimulants like methylphenidate. The rate of misuse among those taking amphetamines was 3.1 times higher than for methylphenidate users, and PSUD prevalence was 2.2 times greater. This highlights the necessity for prescribers and patients to closely monitor the use of such medications to prevent potential misuse.

Prescription Trends Among Middle-Aged Women

An interesting trend identified in the study was the significant increase in stimulant prescriptions among women aged 35 to 64. From 2019 to 2022, the number of women in this age group receiving stimulants rose from 1.2 million to 1.7 million, representing an average quarterly growth of 2.6%. Despite this increase, the prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse in this demographic was lower (13.7%) compared to other groups, such as younger women aged 18 to 25, where misuse reached 36.8%.

The Importance of Responsible Usage

The findings underscore the critical need for responsible prescription practices and patient education. Clinicians must thoroughly assess the necessity of stimulant medications and provide clear guidelines to individuals regarding their proper use. Healthcare providers should routinely screen for PSUD, especially among individuals using amphetamines, due to their higher risk of stimulant misuse.

Furthermore, addressing potential risks should involve family members, caregivers, and support networks. Such proactive measures can help minimise the likelihood of misuse and support individuals in maintaining their overall health.

Source: Jama Network