What Are Nicotine Pouches?

Nicotine pouches are small, tobacco-free sachets placed between the gum and lip, releasing nicotine into the body. These products have gained popularity in the UK since their introduction in 2019, with brands like ZYN, Velo, and Nordic Spirit leading the market. Marketing campaigns present pouches as a discreet, convenient alternative to smoking or vaping, available in enticing flavours such as cinnamon or citrus. But how safe are they, and do they help users quit smoking?

Why Regulation is a Concern

Unlike nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) such as patches or gum, nicotine pouches are not regulated as medicinal products. While NRTs undergo rigorous testing to ensure safety and effectiveness, nicotine pouches are regulated as general consumer products. This lack of regulation not only raises safety concerns but also means there is no legal age restriction to buy them in many places. These gaps are significant, especially when considering the potential risks associated with nicotine.

According to ASH Scotland, “Nicotine is a health-harming substance which can be very addictive. The main risk of using nicotine pouches is the high levels of nicotine, which has strong effects on the cardiovascular system.” Such concerns have led countries like Belgium and the Netherlands to ban these products. Meanwhile, new UK legislation aims to introduce stricter controls, such as limiting sales to those over 18 and banning marketing targeted at the young.

The Risks of Nicotine Pouches

Promoted as a “clean” alternative, nicotine pouches contain flavourings, additives, and pH adjusters that enhance nicotine absorption. High levels of nicotine can lead to side effects like nausea, headaches, heart palpitations, and an increased heart rate. Long-term use may also cause gum irritation and other oral health issues, such as receding gums or sores where the pouch sits, raising additional concerns for users.

While marketed as tobacco-free, “People using these products should be aware that ‘tobacco-free’ does not mean ‘risk-free’,” says Dr Alexandra Howell, an oral medicine specialist at Virginia Commonwealth University’s School of Dentistry. Issues like gum recession and saliva reduction, which increase the risk of tooth decay and mouth irritation, demonstrate that these products still carry significant risks.

Nicotine can have a particularly strong effect on younger individuals. Research shows its impact on teenage brains can result in long-term changes, including attention deficits, mood problems, and higher likelihoods of substance dependency. With teenagers having more nicotine receptors in brain areas related to reward, the addictive nature of these products becomes a greater issue.

An Unwise Choice for Smokers

For those looking to quit smoking, nicotine replacement therapies like patches, lozenges, or gum remain the best option. These products are specifically designed to help users stop smoking safely and are subject to stringent regulation. While nicotine pouches are readily available and attractively marketed, their unregulated nature and lack of proven effectiveness as a smoking cessation tool make them a questionable choice.

Those considering alternatives to smoking should steer clear of options that lack robust safety standards. Opting for medically approved therapies ensures you are using products that prioritise your health and safety.

Source: The Conversation