Methadone has played a significant role in medicine, yet it remains a widely misunderstood substance. Whether used under professional supervision or misused, methadone is a complex drug that demands careful handling. But what exactly is methadone, where did it come from, and what are its risks? This educational blog outlines all you need to know about methadone, including its origins, effects, and regulatory status.

What is Methadone?

Methadone is a synthetic (man-made) narcotic developed to help manage pain and alleviate withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid dependence. Classified as a long-acting opioid, it is commonly prescribed as part of drug detoxification and maintenance therapy under strict medical supervision. While its pain-relieving properties can be beneficial, its misuse, even in prescribed scenarios, carries significant risks.

What Are the Origins?

Methadone’s history dates back to World War II when German scientists synthesised the drug as a response to a morphine shortage. It was later introduced in the United States in 1947 as an analgesic under the trade name Dolophine®. From its origins, it has evolved into a powerful tool for managing withdrawal symptoms in opioid addiction treatments.

Common Street Names

Methadone is often referred to by numerous street names, such as:

• Amidone
• Chocolate Chip Cookies
• Fizzies (when mixed with MDMA)
• Wafer

Understanding these informal terms can help identify its misuse outside medical contexts.

What Does it Look Like?

Methadone is available in several forms, including tablets, oral solutions, and injectable liquids. Tablets commonly come in 5 mg or 10 mg doses. However, the 40 mg dispersible tablets are restricted for authorised facilities like hospitals or clinics that manage detoxification and maintenance treatments.

This restriction on higher doses ensures proper control and reduces the potential risks of improper use.

How is it Used?

Methadone is usually administered either by swallowing or injecting the solution. When prescribed, its controlled dosage helps individuals manage pain and addiction withdrawal symptoms effectively. However, outside regulated environments, misuse is common, leading to potentially harmful outcomes.

The Effects on the Mind and Body

Mental Effects

When misused, methadone can lead to psychological dependence. The euphoric or calming sensations it may provide could increase the risk of addiction in individuals not adhering to prescribed usage guidelines.

Physical Effects

Methadone’s impact on the body is varied. Typical physical symptoms include:

• Sweating
• Sleepiness
• Itchy skin

However, individuals misusing methadone risk developing tolerance, which means they need higher doses for the same effects. This, in turn, increases the likelihood of physical dependence over time.

When individuals stop using methadone suddenly, they may encounter withdrawal symptoms like:

• Anxiety
• Muscle tremors
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Abdominal cramps

These withdrawal effects underscore the importance of strict medical supervision when using it.

What Happens in the Case of Overdose?

A methadone overdose is a medical emergency. Symptoms may include:

• Slow, shallow breathing
• Blue-tinged fingernails and lips
• Weak pulse and stomach spasms
• Clammy skin
• Convulsions or loss of consciousness

If untreated, overdose can result in a coma or even death. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms arise.

Similarities to Other Drugs

While methadone is chemically different from substances like morphine or heroin, its effects are comparable. This similarity explains its role in easing opioid withdrawal symptoms, as it can offer relief while reducing the euphoric highs associated with other opioids.

Methadone’s Legal Status in the United States

Methadone is regulated as a Schedule II narcotic under the Controlled Substances Act. This means it has a recognised medical use but also carries a high potential for misuse. While methadone can be legally prescribed by health professionals, its nonmedical use is strictly prohibited.

Understanding the Risks

The controlled use of methadone can serve as a valuable therapeutic tool, but its potential dangers warrant caution. Misuse can lead to dependence, severe withdrawal symptoms, or worse, fatal overdose. The takeaway here is that methadone must always be used under the supervision of qualified healthcare professionals.

By understanding the risks and responsibilities that come with methadone, individuals and healthcare providers alike can foster safer practices and more informed choices.

Source: Campus Drug Prevention