Cannabis consumption has long been a topic of interest and debate, particularly as legalisation efforts expand globally. While its immediate effects are well-documented, recent research has shifted focus to its long-term biological impacts, specifically epigenetic changes. A study published in Molecular Psychiatry delves into this area, examining how cannabis use may alter the human epigenome.

Understanding Epigenetic Changes

The epigenome acts as a regulatory mechanism for genes, turning them on or off without altering the DNA sequence itself. This regulation is critical for normal cellular function and development. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, potentially affecting gene expression and health outcomes.

The Study: Cannabis and Epigenetic Markers

The study conducted by Northwestern University involved over 1,000 adults who were part of a long-term research initiative. Participants, aged 18 to 30 at the study’s onset, provided blood samples at 15-year and 20-year intervals. These samples allowed researchers to analyse DNA methylation levels and their association with cannabis use.

Key findings included:

• 15-Year Samples: 22 DNA methylation markers were linked to recent cannabis use, while 31 were associated with cumulative use.
• 20-Year Samples: Researchers identified 132 markers related to recent use and 16 linked to cumulative exposure.

Notably, one epigenetic marker was consistently found in both cannabis and tobacco users, suggesting possible shared regulatory pathways.

Implications of Epigenetic Changes

The epigenetic markers identified in cannabis users were previously associated with various health conditions, such as:

• Cellular Proliferation: Alterations in cell growth and division processes.
• Hormone Signalling: Potential disruptions in endocrine system functions.
• Neurological Disorders: Links to conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
• Substance Use Disorders: Associations with broader addiction patterns.

While these findings provide crucial insights, they do not establish a direct causal relationship between cannabis use and health problems.

Cannabis Usage Statistics

The study highlights the widespread use of cannabis, with 49% of Americans reportedly having tried it at least once. This prevalence underscores the need to understand its long-term biological impacts.

The Need for Further Research

Despite the study’s significant findings, it emphasises the necessity for additional research to verify these associations across diverse populations. Future studies should also explore the impact of cannabis on age-related health outcomes to better understand its comprehensive effects on human health.

The research invites us to consider the broader implications of cannabis use, moving beyond immediate effects to its potential long-term consequences on our biological systems.

Source: ScienceAlert